Historical Encyclopedia
Alexander the Great, one of the most renowned military leaders and rulers in history, was born in 356 BC in Pella, the capital of the ancient Macedonian kingdom. His parents were King Philip II of Macedon and Queen Olympias. From an early age, Alexander was surrounded by political intrigue and military skill, which had a profound impact on his later life and career.
Philip II, being an ambitious and talented ruler, sought to consolidate his power and expand the territory of Macedonia. Olympias, hailing from Epirus, was known for her strong personality and religious beliefs, which influenced Alexander's upbringing. There are legends that Olympias considered her son a divine being, which shaped his confidence in his own abilities.
Alexander was educated by the renowned philosopher Aristotle, who taught him science, philosophy, poetry and art. Aristotle instilled in him a desire for knowledge and a love for culture. This experience significantly influenced his worldview and strategic thinking.
From a young age, Alexander was trained in military affairs. His father, Philip II, spent much time teaching his son tactics and strategy. By the age of 16, Alexander was already commanding his first army when his father went on a campaign. He successfully suppressed a rebellion in Thrace and founded a city named after himself — Alexandropolis. This early success enhanced his reputation as a talented commander.
Alexander’s successes in Thrace demonstrated his leadership qualities and his ability to inspire soldiers. This became an important factor that contributed to his further conquests. He also showed the ability to combine bravery with reason in battle.
Raised under the influence of Aristotle, Alexander showed great interest in culture and the arts. He read Homer, which had a significant impact on his personality and aspirations for greatness. His study of literature and philosophy contributed to the formation of his ideals and ambitions. Alexander aimed to unite different cultures, which was reflected in his policies after his conquests.
In 336 BC, Philip II was assassinated, and Alexander, at just 20 years old, became the new king of Macedonia. His youth did not hinder him from immediately taking charge of the country and continuing military campaigns against Macedonia's enemies. He quickly consolidated his power by suppressing revolts in Greece and establishing his dominance in the region.
In 334 BC, Alexander began his famous conquests that would change the face of the known world. His early years, filled with education, military successes, and cultural development, prepared him for the monumental achievements that awaited him ahead.
The early years of Alexander the Great had a significant impact on his future. His education, military training, and cultural influences shaped the character of a great commander and ruler, who became one of the most influential figures in history. The successes he achieved in his youth laid the foundation for his subsequent conquests and his emergence as a great conqueror.