Structure of Power of the Golden Horde

The Golden Horde, which emerged in the 13th century, became one of the most powerful states of its time. Its power was based on a complex political and administrative structure that enabled effective management of vast territories and a multiethnic population. In this article, we will explore the key elements of the power of the Golden Horde, its hierarchy, and the functions of various governing bodies.

Historical Context

The Golden Horde was formed as a result of the collapse of the Mongol Empire and covered vast areas from Eastern Europe to Siberia. The main task of its rulers was to unite the conquered lands and establish control over the local population.

Hierarchy of Power

The structure of power of the Golden Horde was multi-tiered and included the following key elements:

• Khan - the supreme ruler, who possessed full power and made key decisions on domestic and foreign affairs.
• Boars - advisors to the khan who represented the interests of various tribes and regions. They played an important role in governance and maintaining stability.
• Nobles (nobility) - local rulers and military commanders who managed lands on behalf of the khan and were responsible for tax collection and military obligations.
• Local Princes - in the principalities dependent on the Horde, who retained their rights but were subordinate to the central authority.

Functions of the Khan

The Khan of the Golden Horde had broad powers. His functions included:

• Military leadership and organization of the army;
• Appointment of officials and management of appointments;
• Conclusion of peace treaties and conducting diplomacy;
• Resolution of judicial matters and establishment of laws;
• Control over trade routes and tax collection.

Administrative Management

For effective governance, the khan delegated powers to various levels of administration. At the local level, the following operated:

• Uluses - territorial units, each headed by a noble responsible for maintaining order and tax collection.
• Tatar Elders - local leaders who assisted the khan in maintaining control over the population.

Economy and Taxes

The economic base of the Golden Horde was diverse, encompassing agriculture, livestock breeding, and trade. The main sources of income for the khan included:

• Taxes from the population, collected in cash and natural forms;
• Tribute paid by conquered peoples;
• Trade duties collected on important trade routes, such as the Great Silk Road.

Culture and Religion

The culture of the Golden Horde was multifaceted. The primary religion among the population was Islam, which became an important element of state ideology. The khan generally supported religious institutions, which contributed to the legitimization of his power.

Culture and art also flourished due to the blending of various traditions. This was reflected in architecture, poetry, and crafts.

Conclusion

The structure of power of the Golden Horde represented a complex hierarchy based on strong central authority and local self-governance. Effective governance, founded on cooperation between the khan, boars, and local rulers, allowed the Golden Horde to thrive for several centuries and left a significant legacy in the history of Eurasia.

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Other articles:

• The history of the Golden Horde
• The origin and foundation of the Golden Horde
• Relations of the Golden Horde with Rus
• The sunset of the Golden Horde