Historical Encyclopedia
Laparoscopic surgery, also known as minimally invasive surgery, emerged in medicine in the 1980s and revolutionized surgical treatment methods. This branch of surgery became popular due to its ability to reduce the trauma associated with traditional open surgeries and shorten patients' recovery times.
Before the advent of laparoscopic surgery, most surgical procedures were performed using the open method, which required large incisions in the skin, muscles, and internal tissues. These incisions involved significant risks, prolonged recovery, and severe pain. With technological advancements in the 1970s, such as the development of optical instruments and video cameras, a shift to less invasive methods became possible.
Pioneers of laparoscopic surgery, such as German surgeon Klaus Kal, began experimenting with the use of hollow instruments and cameras to perform operations through small incisions. Among the first successful interventions was laparoscopic cholecystectomy – the removal of the gallbladder. This method was first applied in the late 1980s and quickly gained popularity.
With the advancement of laparoscopic technologies in the 1990s, it became possible to work using video information, allowing surgeons to see the working area on a screen. Laparoscopic instruments, such as video laparoscopes mounted on stands, provided surgeons with wide visibility and the ability to control working tools with their hands, manipulating them through small incisions.
Laparoscopic surgery has numerous advantages compared to open surgeries:
Laparoscopic surgery is applied in various fields of medicine. It is most commonly used in the following areas:
With the spread of laparoscopic surgery, the need for specialized training for surgeons arose. Training includes theoretical courses, practice on models, and finally, practice on real patients under the supervision of experienced specialists. Numerous academic institutions have offered courses and certifications in laparoscopic surgery.
Laparoscopic surgery continues to evolve with the introduction of new technologies, such as robotic surgeons, which provide even greater precision and the ability to perform complex surgeries. Advances in technologies such as 3D visualization and the application of artificial intelligence promise to make laparoscopic surgery even safer and more effective.
Laparoscopic surgery, which began as an experiment in the 1980s, has transformed surgical practice worldwide. Over time, it has proven its effectiveness and safety, allowing many patients to receive necessary medical care with minimal risks. Considering the ongoing technological advancements, it can confidently be stated that laparoscopic surgery will occupy an important place in the future of medicine.