Historical Encyclopedia
The Kingdom of Portugal, formed in the 12th century, has deep historical roots associated with the processes of state formation on the Iberian Peninsula. It is a story of the struggle for independence, cultural exchanges, and military conflicts.
Portugal is located on the western edge of Europe, occupying a large part of the Iberian Peninsula. This geographical position played an important role in shaping its historical destiny.
Throughout the early Middle Ages, the territory of modern Portugal was part of various kingdoms and principalities:
After the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century, various tribal unions emerged here. In the 8th century, the Arabs conquered a large part of the Iberian Peninsula, significantly influencing the local culture.
In the 11th century, the process of the Reconquista began — the liberation of the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule. In 1139, Count Afonso I, later becoming King Afonso I of Portugal, proclaimed the independence of Portugal.
An important moment was the signing of the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, which defined the spheres of influence of Spain and Portugal in the New World.
The first kingdom of Portugal consisted of various administrative units, including counties and bishoprics. The establishment of the Borgia dynasty and other dynasties led to the strengthening of central authority and state consolidation.
The economy of Portugal in the early years of the kingdom was based on agriculture, fishing, and trade. Portugal became an important trading center, thanks to its strategic location at the crossroads of sea routes.
Portuguese culture during this period was influenced by Christianity and Muslim tradition. Architecture, literature, and art developed under the impact of these two worlds.
The Kingdom of Portugal has undergone a complex path of formation and establishment. Its history is filled with the struggle for independence, cultural interactions, and economic development, which laid the foundation for its future greatness. Since its inception, Portugal has become an important player on the world stage, leaving a significant mark in history.