Historical Encyclopedia
Modern Oman is a country with a rich history and culture that has rapidly developed since the late 20th century, actively adapting to global changes. After gaining independence in 1970, when Sultan Qaboos bin Said came to power, Oman began a modernization process that encompasses all areas of life: from the economy and politics to education and culture.
Oman is an absolute monarchy, and the sultan plays a key role in governing the country. The political system in Oman is largely unique, as the sultan has extensive powers, but there is also a consultative council — Shura, which consists of elected representatives. Despite its limited powers, the council provides an opportunity for discussing important issues and engaging citizens in the decision-making process.
Sultan Qaboos bin Said, who ruled from 1970 until his death in 2020, implemented reforms aimed at improving the socio-economic situation in the country. In 2021, the new sultan became Haitham bin Tariq, who continues the policy of his predecessor, maintaining a balance between traditions and modernity.
The economy of Oman is based on the extraction and export of oil, which constitutes the bulk of the state budget. Oman possesses significant oil reserves, and this sector accounts for over 70% of the country’s revenues. However, the government is actively working on diversifying the economy to reduce dependence on oil revenues.
As part of the Vision 2040 program, Oman seeks to develop sectors such as tourism, agriculture, and information technology. Participation in international economic projects, such as "Oman 2020" and "Oman 2040," aims to create a more sustainable and diverse economy.
Tourism is becoming an increasingly important part of Oman's economy. The country offers unique natural and cultural attractions, including mountains, deserts, and historical sites. An infrastructure development program, including the construction of new airports and hotels, contributes to the growth of this sector.
Oman places great importance on education. The education system has been significantly reformed to enhance quality and accessibility. There are many educational institutions in the country, including universities and colleges, offering training in both Arabic and English.
Healthcare in Oman has also received considerable attention. The government invests in medical infrastructure development, and many hospitals meet international standards. Free medical care is available for citizens, positively impacting the overall health level of the population.
The culture of Oman is unique and diverse, reflecting the country’s rich historical heritage. Omanis take pride in their traditions, which include folk dances, music, art, and crafts. One of the most popular art forms is "razan," a traditional musical style performed at various celebrations and events.
Preservation of traditions and cultural heritage is of great importance to Oman. Local holidays, such as Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, are celebrated grandly, and traditional dishes like "halu" hold a central place on tables during celebrations.
At the same time, Oman actively strives for integration into the modern world. Cultural development occurs in harmony with traditions, allowing the country to maintain its uniqueness without rejecting modern achievements.
Oman pursues an independent foreign policy and acts as a mediator in regional conflicts. The country maintains friendly relations with many states, including the USA, the UK, and other Arab countries. Oman actively participates in the United Nations and other international forums.
An important part of Oman's foreign policy is supporting stability in the region and striving for peaceful conflict resolution. Oman often serves as a platform for negotiations between different parties, reinforcing its reputation as a neutral player on the international stage.
Modern Oman is a country that successfully combines traditions and modern achievements. Each year, Oman moves towards its goal of becoming a more prosperous and sustainable state, proud of its rich heritage while remaining open to new ideas and opportunities. Political stability, economic diversification, and active participation in international affairs make Oman an important player in the Middle East and in the world as a whole.