Historical Encyclopedia
The modern period in the history of Saudi Arabia spans a significant timeframe, starting from the late 20th century to the present day. This period is characterized by rapid economic development, political reforms, and changes in the social structure of the country. One of the most important events of this time was the implementation of the "Vision 2030" program aimed at diversifying the economy and enacting social changes. This article analyzes the key points of the modern period in Saudi Arabia, its challenges, and achievements.
Saudi Arabia remains one of the largest oil producers in the world, and the oil sector continues to be the primary source of income for the state. However, since 2014, when global oil prices sharply fell, the country has faced the necessity to implement economic reforms. In response, the government initiated the "Vision 2030" program, which aims to reduce dependence on oil revenues and develop other sectors of the economy.
The program includes projects for tourism development, technology, education, and healthcare. One of the main initiatives is the creation of a new city, NEOM, which is set to become an innovation center and attract investments in new technologies. This project is expected to be an important step towards economic diversification and ensuring sustainable growth.
A key element of the economic strategy has also been the development of the private sector and the attraction of foreign investments. The government is taking measures to improve the business climate, including simplifying business registration procedures and creating free economic zones. These steps are aimed at creating a more competitive economy and reducing unemployment.
Social changes in Saudi Arabia are also an important aspect of the modern period. The growing influence of youth, along with demands for greater freedom and human rights, have become catalysts for social reforms. In 2018, a number of changes were allowed in the country, such as women’s right to drive and participation in sports events. These steps have become symbolic in the fight for women's rights and their participation in public life.
Additionally, the government has begun implementing programs aimed at improving education levels and developing professional skills among youth. Education has become one of the priorities, with an emphasis on modern sciences and technologies, to prepare the new generation for the challenges of the global economy.
Changes have also occurred in the political arena of Saudi Arabia. King Salman bin Abdulaziz and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman have initiated a number of reforms aimed at improving governance and increasing transparency. One of the key points was the establishment of an anti-corruption commission, with the goal of investigating corruption schemes and recovering public funds.
However, despite the reforms, the governance system remains authoritarian, and opposition voices continue to be suppressed. International organizations criticize Saudi Arabia for human rights violations, including the persecution of dissidents and restrictions on freedom of speech. These issues raise concerns both within the country and beyond its borders.
The modern period in Saudi Arabia is also characterized by an active foreign policy. The country continues to play an important role in the Arab and Islamic world, remaining a key partner for the United States and other Western countries. However, in recent years, Saudi Arabia has faced challenges in relations with neighboring states, particularly with Iran, which has exacerbated conflicts in the region.
Saudi Arabia's foreign policy includes support for certain groups in various conflicts, such as the civil war in Yemen. This has led to international criticism and a humanitarian crisis in the country. At the same time, the government seeks to strengthen alliances with other Arab states and curb Iran's influence.
Technological development has become one of the priority tasks within the "Vision 2030" program. Saudi Arabia is actively investing in modern technologies and innovations, aiming to become a high-tech center in the region. One of the key projects in this area is the creation of technology parks and research centers that will foster the development of startups and new technologies.
Moreover, the government actively supports initiatives for the development of artificial intelligence and digitalization of the economy. These efforts aim to create new jobs and attract foreign investment in the technology sector. It is expected that technological development will also improve the quality of life of the population and enhance the country's competitiveness on the international stage.
The modern period also presents environmental challenges for Saudi Arabia. Climate change, depletion of natural resources, and pollution are becoming serious problems. The government is beginning to recognize the need for sustainable development and is implementing measures for environmental protection, including projects for solar and wind energy.
In 2021, an ambitious plan was announced to plant 10 billion trees as part of the Green Saudi Arabia initiative, which is expected to help combat climate change and restore ecosystems. These measures are aimed at improving the quality of life of the population and preserving the natural heritage for future generations.
The future of Saudi Arabia will be determined by the country’s ability to address internal and external challenges. The success of the "Vision 2030" program depends on the implementation of structural reforms that will allow for the creation of a diversified economy and improve social conditions for citizens. An important aspect will also be managing political and social changes to prevent potential conflicts and tensions in society.
Saudi Arabia has every chance for successful development; however, this will require efforts from both the government and society. It is essential to consider the interests of all segments of the population, develop democratic processes, and create a more inclusive society to ensure a sustainable future for the country.
The modern period in Saudi Arabia represents a dynamic time of changes and challenges. The opening of new horizons in the economy, social life, and politics creates unique opportunities for the country. However, the government faces serious tasks related to ensuring sustainable development, protecting human rights, and addressing environmental issues. The future of Saudi Arabia depends on its ability to adapt to a changing world and find a balance between tradition and modern demands.