Historical Encyclopedia
Saudi Arabia is a country with a rich cultural heritage deeply rooted in Arab and Islamic traditions. National customs and traditions have been shaped over centuries, reflecting the characteristics of desert life, religious principles, and community values. These traditions continue to play a significant role in the daily lives of Saudis and remain an important part of their national identity.
Hospitality in Saudi Arabia is an integral part of the culture based on ancient Bedouin customs. Guests are received with respect, generosity, and warmth. The traditional reception begins with the serving of Arabic coffee, called "kahwa," which is usually offered along with dates. This ritual symbolizes friendship and respect.
Hosts strive to create the most comfortable conditions for the guest. The food offered to guests is typically abundant and includes national dishes such as kabsa, mandi, and shawarma. Refusing the offered hospitality can be perceived as disrespectful to the host.
The national clothing of Saudi Arabia reflects traditional values and the climatic features of the region. Men wear a "thobe" — a long white dress that is ideal for the hot climate. They wear a head covering consisting of a "ghutrah" (scarf) and an "agal" (a black cord that holds the ghutrah in place).
Women traditionally wear an "abaya" — a long black dress that covers the entire body. In addition to this, they may wear a "niqab," which covers the face. National clothing symbolizes modesty and respect for Islamic traditions.
Islam plays a key role in the lives of Saudis, making religious traditions an important part of the culture. Daily prayers (salat) are an integral part of every Muslim's life. Prayer times are strictly observed, and during these periods, most institutions and shops temporarily close.
The annual Hajj to Mecca, one of the five pillars of Islam, gathers millions of Muslims from around the world. Saudis take pride in their role as custodians of the two holiest cities in Islam — Mecca and Medina.
Culinary traditions in Saudi Arabia are deeply rooted in Bedouin culture and Islamic principles. The cuisine is based on meat, rice, and spices. One of the most popular dishes is kabsa — a rice dish with meat, prepared using spices such as cinnamon, cardamom, and cloves.
National dishes are often served on large communal trays, symbolizing unity and hospitality. Sweets such as baklava and kunafa are also widely enjoyed, often accompanied by freshly brewed tea or Arabic coffee.
Family occupies a central place in the lives of Saudis. Traditionally, families in Saudi Arabia are large, and respect for elders is a core principle of upbringing. Mutual assistance and support within the family are considered sacred duties.
Family gatherings, particularly during religious holidays such as Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, are an important element of the culture. These events are accompanied by abundant feasting, gift exchanges, and prayers.
The folklore of Saudi Arabia is rich with folk songs, poetry, and dances. One of the most famous dances is "arda" — a traditional men’s sword dance performed to the accompaniment of drums and poetic songs. Arda symbolizes martial valor and unity.
Poetry also holds a special place in the culture. Bedouin poetry has been passed down orally from generation to generation and is still considered an important element of the national heritage. The themes of poetry range from celebrating love and nature to tales of heroic deeds.
National holidays and religious celebrations play an important role in the lives of Saudis. In addition to religious holidays such as Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, Saudi Arabia also celebrates National Day, held on September 23. On this day, the country celebrates the unification of the kingdom under the leadership of King Abdulaziz.
Festive events include parades, fireworks, and cultural shows. People decorate their homes and streets with green and white colors, symbolizing the national flag.
National traditions and customs of Saudi Arabia reflect the rich history and culture of the country. They combine elements of the ancient Bedouin way of life, Islamic principles, and modern influences. The preservation of these traditions plays an important role in strengthening national identity and passing cultural heritage to future generations.