Historical Encyclopedia
Eleanor Roosevelt (1884-1962) was an outstanding figure who made a tremendous contribution to the development of human rights, social justice, and the expansion of women's roles in society. As the wife of the 32nd President of the United States, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Eleanor transcended the role of "first lady" to become a true public figure whose initiatives continue to inspire people around the world.
Eleanor Roosevelt was born on October 11, 1884, in New York City to a prominent and wealthy family. Despite external affluence, Eleanor's childhood was difficult: at the age of 8, she lost her mother, and two years later, her father. She was raised by her grandmother, who was strict and demanding.
During her teenage years, Eleanor received education in Europe, studying at the Allenswood School under the guidance of Marie Souvestre, known for her progressive views and commitment to developing independent thinking among her students. It was here that Eleanor gained self-confidence and developed her early ideas about social justice and equality.
In 1905, Eleanor married her distant cousin Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Their marriage was not only personal but also a political alliance. Franklin quickly climbed the political ladder, and Eleanor began to play an increasingly important role in supporting his political endeavors.
In 1921, Franklin contracted polio, and Eleanor took on significant responsibilities. She acted as his advisor, supporting him during difficult times and helping him continue his political career. During this period, she began actively participating in public affairs and gained her first public speaking skills.
In 1933, Franklin Roosevelt became president, and Eleanor became the first lady. However, her role was far from formal. She visited working groups, traveled the country, and connected with everyday Americans, seeking to understand their issues and needs. She became the president's "ears and eyes," keeping him informed about what was happening on the ground.
Eleanor was actively involved in social initiatives. She supported programs aimed at assisting the poor and unemployed and advocated for the rights of women and children. She regularly published her thoughts in a newspaper column called "My Day," where she shared her views on current social and political issues.
After Franklin's death in 1945, Eleanor did not abandon her public work. President Harry Truman offered her the position of U.S. representative to the United Nations. In this role, she chaired the Human Rights Commission and played a key part in drafting and adopting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948.
Eleanor sincerely believed in equality and the rights of every individual, regardless of race, religion, or gender. Her efforts at the UN significantly contributed to the promotion of democracy, peace, and humanitarian principles worldwide.
Eleanor continued to work until her death. She wrote books, gave lectures, participated in public campaigns, and remained true to her ideals. In her last years, she focused on advocating for the rights of African Americans and women, as well as supporting youth.
Eleanor Roosevelt died on November 7, 1962. Her passing was a loss for the world; however, her ideas, thoughts, and achievements continue to live on. She is regarded as one of the greatest women of the 20th century and inspires millions of people fighting for equality and social justice.
Eleanor Roosevelt left a significant legacy, impacting many aspects of modern social policy. Her life and work are a vivid example of courage, resilience, and dedication to human rights. As a public figure, she devoted her life to serving people, making a substantial contribution to achieving equality and justice.
Her famous quote — "No one can make you feel inferior without your consent" — has become a symbol of her life philosophy. Even today, Eleanor Roosevelt remains an inspiring figure, a role model for all who strive for justice and change.