Introduction

World War II (1939-1945) had a significant impact on many countries, including India. In the context of war, when the world was in a state of global conflict, the Indian national movement for independence from British colonial rule became more active and organized. This article discusses how World War II contributed to the intensification of national struggle in India by changing the political climate and awakening mass support for independence.

Political Context Before the War

By the beginning of World War II, a nationalist movement led by figures such as Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru was already actively developing in India. However, the colonial government continued to ignore the demands of the Indian people for self-governance and independence. In response, Indian nationalists began to consolidate their efforts, creating more organized political structures and expanding their influence among the population.

However, with the onset of the war in 1939, the British government announced India's entry into the conflict without consulting Indian leaders. This caused widespread discontent and protests throughout the country.

Impact of the War on the Indian National Movement

World War II significantly changed the political landscape in India. The British government, focusing all its resources on waging war, faced a number of challenges, including resource shortages, economic problems, and internal conflicts. This led to the intensification of the struggle for independence. Key points of this period include:

• Economic Hardships: The war led to food shortages and rising prices, causing discontent among broad segments of the population.
• Increased Influence of the Indian National Congress: In wartime, the Indian National Congress (INC) continued to bolster its influence, organizing protests and calls for non-cooperation with the British authorities.
• Radicalization of the Movement: The emergence of more radical groups, such as the "Boycott Program" and the "National Liberation Service," which called for immediate action against British rule.

Nationalists began to call for independence, using the war as an opportunity to achieve their goal.

Eastern and Western Fronts

India became a strategically important base for British forces, utilizing its resources and manpower. Many Indians, including a significant number of soldiers, were sent to various fronts of the war, contributing to the growth of national consciousness. Indian soldiers fighting on the fronts witnessed the struggle for freedom of other peoples, inspiring them to return home with ideas of independence.

On the other hand, the situation on the front led to growing discontent in India due to the lack of attention to the needs of the local population. Indians began to realize that their contributions to the war were not leading to significant changes in the colonial government's approach.

"Quit India" Movement

In 1942, at the height of the war, the Indian National Congress launched the "Quit India Movement," which became one of the most significant phases in the struggle for independence. Gandhi called on Indians to engage in mass protests against British rule, which led to:

• Mass Protests: Mass demonstrations and strikes occurred throughout the country.
• Arrest of Leaders: British authorities responded with repression, arresting Gandhi and many other INC leaders.
• Violent Suppression: The use of force by British authorities to suppress protests, resulting in the deaths of thousands of people.

Nevertheless, despite the repression, the "Quit India" movement strengthened the determination of Indians to fight for their independence and drew international attention to their struggle.

Post-War: The Path to Independence

The war ended in 1945, but its consequences continued to be felt in India. The British government found itself in a difficult position: economic problems, the necessity of managing colonies, and growing discontent in India created conditions for the need for negotiations about the country's future.

In 1946, negotiations began between the British government and Indian leaders regarding possible independence. After prolonged discussions, India gained independence in 1947, resulting from years of struggle for self-governance.

Conclusion

World War II became an important catalyst for the intensification of national struggle in India. In the context of global conflict, Indians realized their strength and possibilities, leading to a large-scale movement for independence. The "Quit India" movement and subsequent events not only changed the political situation in the country but also led to India gaining independence in 1947. Thus, the war not only dismantled the old order but also laid the foundation for a new beginning for India, which continues to evolve to this day.