Historical Encyclopedia
The Teutonic Order, founded in the late 12th century, played a key role in the history of Central and Eastern Europe. This knightly order was established to protect Christians and spread Christianity among pagan peoples, especially in regions inhabited by the Prussians.
The Teutonic Order emerged in 1190 during the Third Crusade. Initially, its members were German knights who sought to assist Palestinian Christians. However, the order soon shifted its focus to combating paganism in Eastern Europe.
In 1226, Polish prince Conrad of Mazovia called upon the Teutonic Order to come to Prussia to fight against the Prussians, who were pagans. This marked the beginning of a long and bloody conflict known as the Prussian War.
The Teutonic Order waged wars against the Prussians throughout the 1230s to the 1270s. As a result of these conflicts, many Prussian tribes were subjugated, and the territory became part of the order's state.
By 1300, the Teutonic Order governed significant territories in Eastern Europe. With the establishment of the state of Prussia, the order solidified its power and began actively developing the economy and culture of the region.
In the 14th and 15th centuries, the order created an efficient system of governance and taxation, which contributed to the development of trade and agriculture. Cities such as Königsberg (modern-day Kaliningrad) were founded.
Throughout the 15th century, the Teutonic Order faced numerous conflicts, including wars with Poland and Lithuania. The famous Battle of Grunwald in 1410 marked a significant defeat for the order.
In 1525, after defeats and reforms, the Grand Master of the order, Albert of Hohenzollern, adopted Lutheranism and transformed the order's state into a secular duchy. This event marked the beginning of a new era in the history of Prussia.
The Teutonic Order left a deep mark on the history of Prussia and all of Eastern Europe. Its legacy, including architectural monuments and cultural traditions, continues to influence the region to this day.