Historical Encyclopedia
The history of Slovakia dates back to ancient times. The first known settlements in the territory of modern Slovakia date back to the Neolithic period (around 5000 BC). However, the formation of the Slovak nation began much later, during the Slavic migration in the 6th century.
In the 8th century, the territory of Slovakia was part of Great Moravia, one of the first Slavic states. In the 9th century, after the collapse of Moravia, Slovakia fell under Hungarian influence, which led to a long period of Hungarian rule.
From the 11th century, Slovakia became part of the Hungarian Kingdom. For many centuries, Slovaks were under the rule of the Magyars, which had a significant impact on their culture and language. Slovakia became a center for copper mining, and cities such as Banská Bystrica and Košice prospered.
In the 16th century, Slovakia became a battleground for religious conflicts. The Reformation led to the emergence of Protestant movements, and Slovak Protestants began to fight for their rights. This period was also marked by several uprisings against oppression.
After the defeat of the Hungarians at the Battle of Mohács in 1526, Slovakia became part of the Austrian Empire. This was a time of further assimilation of the Slovak population, but the awakening of national consciousness also began. In the 19th century, influenced by Romanticism and the national movement, Slovak cultural and educational initiatives emerged.
In the 19th century, a Slovak national revival took place. During this time, the first Slovak books and literary works appeared, and public organizations began to promote the Slovak language and culture.
The First World War and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918 led to the creation of Czechoslovakia. Slovakia was represented as a separate region, but for a long time suffered from inequality and neglect. During World War II, Slovakia became a puppet state in service of the Nazis.
After the war, Slovakia rejoined Czechoslovakia, but in 1948 there was a coup, and the country came under the control of the Communist Party. This period was characterized by repression, economic difficulties, as well as some industrial successes.
In 1989, with the end of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia, democratization processes began. In 1993, after peaceful negotiations, the country was divided into two independent states: the Czech Republic and Slovakia. This event is known as the "Velvet Divorce."
Since gaining independence, Slovakia has gone through numerous reforms. The country became a member of the European Union and NATO, which facilitated its integration into the international community. The country's economy continues to develop, and Slovak culture is becoming increasingly prominent on the global stage.
The history of Slovakia is a story of struggle for identity, independence, and development. Despite many hardships and challenges, the Slovaks have preserved their culture and language, creating a modern democratic state proud of its history and traditions.