Historical Encyclopedia
The Greek and Roman periods are significant stages in the history of Malta, having a considerable influence on the culture, architecture, and social structure of the island. From the conquest of Malta by the Greeks to its integration into the Roman Empire, the island became an important center of trade and cultural exchange.
The Greek period in Malta spans approximately the 5th to 4th centuries BC. The Greeks began to colonize the island in search of new trade opportunities and to expand their influence in the Mediterranean.
The Greeks established several trading settlements on the island, which contributed to the development of the economy and culture. Malta became part of the Greek cultural sphere, and the local population adapted Greek traditions and customs.
During this period, there was a development of Greek architecture and art in Malta. Temples and other structures reflecting Greek styles gradually began to be built. There is evidence that theatrical performances and athletic games inspired by Greek traditions were held on the island during this time.
From 218 BC, Malta became part of the Roman Empire. This event marked the beginning of a new phase in the island's history, as it transformed into an important strategic and trading center in the Mediterranean.
The Romans brought new technologies, architectural styles, and cultural traditions to Malta. Under their governance, a number of new cities were built, including Melita (modern Valletta), which became a major trading and administrative center in the region.
The Romans constructed many impressive structures, including theaters, amphitheaters, and baths. One of the most famous Roman architectural monuments in Malta is the Roman Theater in Mdina, which has been preserved to this day.
Under Roman rule, Malta's economy thrived due to trade and agriculture. The island became an important transshipment point for goods passing through the Mediterranean. The Romans introduced new farming techniques that increased agricultural productivity.
During the period of Roman rule, there were also changes in the religious life of Malta. Christianity began to spread on the island, especially after Saint Paul was shipwrecked and arrived in Malta in the 1st century AD. This event became a turning point in the history of the island.
According to tradition, Saint Paul preached Christianity in Malta and established the first Christian community. This laid the foundation for the further spread of the Christian faith and the building of the first Christian churches.
The Greek and Roman periods in Malta left a profound mark on the history and culture of the island. The influence of the Greeks and Romans shaped the architectural heritage, economic structure, and religious traditions that continue to impact modern Malta. These historical stages became the foundation for the further development of the island and its integration into the broader cultural and political context of the Mediterranean.