Historical Encyclopedia
The independence of Malta, proclaimed on September 15, 1964, marked an important milestone in the history of the country, signifying the end of British colonial rule and the beginning of a new era of self-governance. This process was the result of many years of struggle for national self-determination, economic and social changes, as well as international politics.
Before gaining independence, Malta was under the control of various powers, including the Arabs, the Knights of Saint John, and finally, Great Britain. In 1814, under the terms of the Treaty of Paris, Malta became a British colony. Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, Malta experienced various social and economic changes that laid the groundwork for independence.
In the early 20th century, nationalist sentiments began to rise in Malta. The development of working-class struggles and the desire to improve living conditions led to the formation of various political parties. Malta's economy also underwent changes, with an increase in jobs in construction and the service sector.
In 1947, a new constitution was adopted which granted Malta a certain degree of self-governance. However, complete independent existence remained unattainable. In 1955, active political struggle for full independence began, led by the Labour Party and the Nationalist Party.
The Labour Party, led by George Borg Olivier, and the Nationalist Party, headed by Dom Mintoff, played a key role in the fight for independence. Their program documents included demands for self-governance, improved living conditions, and the protection of citizens' interests.
During the 1960s, the international situation also contributed to Malta's desire for independence. The decolonization period that encompassed many countries in Africa and Asia created a favorable climate for similar changes in Europe. Great Britain, realizing the need for reforms, began discussions about Malta's future status.
In 1963, official negotiations began between Malta and Great Britain. These negotiations led to an agreement on granting independence, which was confirmed in a referendum in 1964. Over 90% of voters supported independence.
On September 15, 1964, Malta officially declared its independence. This day became a symbol of national identity and pride for many Maltese people. The adopted constitution secured basic rights and freedoms for citizens and laid the foundations for the establishment of a democratic state.
The first Prime Minister of independent Malta was George Borg Olivier, who led the Labour Party government. The important tasks of the new government included economic development, improvement of education and health care, as well as the establishment of an effective public administration.
In the early years following independence, Malta faced a number of challenges. One of them was maintaining economic stability amid global changes. The government actively worked to attract investment and develop the tourism sector.
The economy of Malta began to grow rapidly, especially in the tourism sector, which became a key source of income. The government also actively developed infrastructure, including roads, airports, and hotels.
Independence initiated a long process of political stability in Malta. The country continued to develop its democratic system and establish international relations.
Since gaining independence, Malta has sought to integrate into international organizations. The country became a member of the United Nations in 1964 and continued to strengthen its ties with other states.
The independence of Malta is an important milestone in the country's history and a symbol of the struggle for national self-determination. This process laid the foundation for the further development of the state, strengthening democracy, and creating conditions for economic growth. Independence changed the face of Malta, making it an important player on the international stage and a center of culture and tourism in the Mediterranean.