Historical Encyclopedia
Charles Robert Darwin (1809–1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, best known for his theory of natural selection, which explains the process of evolution. His work revolutionized the biological sciences and laid the foundations of modern understanding of life on Earth.
Darwin was born on February 12, 1809, in Shrewsbury, England. He was the fourth of six children in a family of wealthy physicians. From a young age, he showed interest in the natural sciences, collecting insects and exploring nature around his home.
After finishing school, Darwin entered the University of Edinburgh, where he studied medical sciences. However, his interest in surgery quickly waned, and he switched to studying natural sciences. He then transferred to Cambridge University, where he began to delve into botany and zoology.
In 1831, Darwin had the opportunity to join the ship "Beagle," which was embarking on a scientific expedition. The voyage lasted nearly five years and covered various regions, including South America, the Pacific Ocean, and the Galapagos Islands.
During his journey, Darwin made numerous observations about animals and plants that later formed the basis of his theory. He was particularly struck by the differences between species on the Galapagos Islands, which prompted him to ponder the mechanisms of natural selection.
Upon returning to England, Darwin began working on his theory. In 1859, he published his famous book "On the Origin of Species," in which he presented ideas about natural selection as a mechanism of evolution.
Darwin's work elicited wide resonance and controversy, both in scientific circles and in society at large. His theories challenged traditional views on the origin of humans and other species. Despite criticism, his ideas became foundational for biology.
Today, the theory of evolution and natural selection is considered one of the core principles of biology. It has been further enriched by discoveries in genetics and molecular biology, providing scientists with a deeper understanding of the mechanics of evolutionary processes.
Charles Darwin married his cousin Emma Wedgwood in 1839. They had ten children, three of whom died in childhood. Darwin suffered from various ailments throughout his life, which limited his capacity for work, but he continued to write and research until his death.
Charles Darwin remains one of the most significant figures in the history of science. His research and ideas transformed our understanding of life on Earth and became the foundation for many modern scientific disciplines. His legacy lives on today, inspiring new generations of scientists and researchers.